An orthopedic defect is a physical problem affecting the skeleton, muscles, and/or related issues. Some orthopedic defects are acquired, and others are congenital. In 60 percent of the cases, the cause of a congenital orthopedic defect is unknown, according to the March of Dimes. Chromosomal disorders, heredity, or toxins like alcohol or certain medications might cause other forms. Certain medical conditions or diseases affecting the mother, like diabetes or German measles, can also cause a congenital defect. There are many kinds of congenital conditions, and they vary widely from mild to crippling to life-threatening. Some conditions go away on their own, while others require extensive treatment. Clubfoot is the most common congenital orthopedic defect and appears in one to three out of every thousand births. Also called talipes equinovarus, it is a foot deformity. It can affect one or both feet and is twice as common in boys as it is in girls. Some children with clubfoot are also born with a hip condition like hip dysplasia. In clubfoot, the affected foot is typically short and broad. The heel, which can look abnormally narrow, points downward, and the front of the foot turns inward. The calf muscles are smaller than normal, and the Achilles tendon is abnormally tight.
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